Created: May 14, 2021
Modified: May 14, 2021
Modified: May 14, 2021
lone pair
This page is from my personal notes, and has not been specifically reviewed for public consumption. It might be incomplete, wrong, outdated, or stupid. Caveat lector.- A atomic orbital with two electrons both attached to the same atom. In contrast to a bond, where each atom contributes one electron.
- Lone pairs are locally negatively charged. They are nucleophiles, and generally basic.
- Of the second-row elements:
- Lithium (3) forms 1 bond and has 0 lone pairs when fully bonded
- Beryllium (4) forms 2 bonds and has 0 lone pairs when fully bonded
- Boron (5) forms 3 bonds and has 0 lone pairs when fully bonded
- Carbon (6) forms 4 bonds and has 0 lone pairs when fully bonded
- Nitrogen (7) forms 3 bonds, and has 1 lone pair when fully bonded
- Oxygen (8) forms 2 bonds, and has 2 lone pairs when fully bonded
- Fluorine (9) forms 1 bond, and has 3 lone pairs when fully bonded (!)