(from [ Principles of Neural Design ]): a G protein skates along the inside of a cell membrane, bumping into the undersides of…
A major inhibitory [ neurotransmitter ] in the brain. Related to the action of [ ethanol ] and other depressants and anesthetics. TODO…
Nicotinamide adenine dinucluotide hydride. Consists of two [ nucleotide ]s---one with an adenine nucleobase, the other with nicotinamide…
Structure: NH2 - C - COOH (amine - C - acid/carboxyl), usually with a side chain hanging from the central (alpha) carbon. Roughly speaking…
Also known as the Krebs cycle. Is the final common pathway for oxidation ('burning') of fuel molecules: carbs, fats, proteins. The fuel…
"Crispr" == "Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats". These are DNA sequences in bacteria that represent a genetic 'memory' of…
In the cell, creatine is stored as phosphocreatine. It acts like a 'backup' adenosine: Phosphocreatine can can donate its [ phosphate…
Chemically, dopamine is a benzene ring (aka phenyl group), with two hydroxyl (OH) groups at adjacent sites, and a two-carbon (ethyl) chain…
Chemically, glutamate is the [ acid-base chemistry|conjugate base ] of glutamic acid (an [ amino acid ]). It is an [ anion ]; its sodium…
Parts of a neuron: dendrites: these branch out to receive connections from other cells axons: these branch out to send signals to other…
This is how [ mitochondria ] produce most of their [ ATP ]. Mitochondria have an outer membrane and an inner membrane, so there are two…
Why Nature Chose Phosphates (science.org)